InVivoSIM anti-human IGF-1R (Teprotumumab Biosimilar)

About InVivoSIM anti-human IGF-1R (Teprotumumab Biosimilar)

This non‑therapeutic biosimilar antibody adopts the same variable regions as the therapeutic antibody Teprotumumab, making it ideal for research use. Teprotumumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets the insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R), a tyrosine kinase receptor broadly expressed across numerous cell types and prominently upregulated in thyroid eye disease (TED). In orbital fibroblasts, IGF‑1R forms functional complexes with the TSH receptor and drives pathogenic signaling cascades that lead to inflammation, tissue expansion, and remodeling in the orbit. IGF‑1R is activated by IGF‑1, a growth factor critical for regulating cell growth and tissue development both prenatally and postnatally. IGF‑1 promotes proliferation, migration, and differentiation in a wide variety of cell types and has broad metabolic functions, including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, modulation of steroid hormone signaling, and maintenance of cartilage and bone homeostasis. It also contributes to skeletal muscle regeneration and has been implicated in tumor progression and survival signaling in cancer. Teprotumumab binds the extracellular α-subunit of IGF‑1R, blocking receptor activation and downstream signaling via the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways, thus dampening inflammatory responses and reducing hyaluronan production and tissue remodeling.